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Jonathan Nash Hearder (24 December 1809 – 16 July 1876) was a British electrical engineer, inventor, and educator. He is best known for his work in developing alternative experimental procedures for use by the blind and vision impaired, and for his early innovation in the field of induction coils. ==Biography== Hearder was born in Plymouth, Devon on 24 December 1809, the son of Jonathan Hearder (1775–1838, an umbrella maker and police constable) and Mary Hannah Hearder (née Parry). He was the eldest of four children, with one brother (George Parry Hearder) and two sisters (Mary Hannah Treleaven and Anne Eliza Page).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Plymouth Business Houses: Messrs Page, Keen and Page Ltd )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Will of Jonathan Hearder, Umbrella Maker of Plymouth )〕 Hearder became interested in science at an early age, despite his father being "greatly averse to such pursuits".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Minutes of the meeting of the Royal Society of Chemistry )〕 From the age of 17 Hearder gave lectures on topics of science at the Exeter Literary Institution and other local societies,〔 including the Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum), of which he was a member.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Historic People )〕 He began a career as a schoolmaster, and was the first schoolmaster in Plymouth to include science as a subject in the school curriculum.〔 In 1830, at the age of 23, Hearder's vision was severely damaged during an accidental explosion while experimenting with the explosive compound silver fulminate.〔 He was frequently described by many (including himself) as totally blind, although John Charles Bucknill in his book ''The Medical Knowledge of Shakespeare'' relates a demonstration given by Hearder in which Hearder claimed to be able to perceive a particularly bright flash of electrical light. It became Hearder's practice to wear green spectacles to conceal his damaged eyes. Following the damage to his eyes, Hearder's school closed, and Hearder briefly turned to a secondary career in music.〔 However, despite his vision impairment, Hearder continued lecturing and continued to work in experimental science, most particularly in the field of electrical engineering. He began work on developing alternative experimental procedures which did not rely on visual cues. On 27 October 1837 Hearder married Susan Plimsaul. She died two years later in 1839. On 21 January 1840 he married his cousin Joanna Sleep Hearder (1809–1887), with whom he went on to have five children.〔 In 1838 Hearder's father died and Hearder assumed control of his father's umbrella-making business.〔〔 He expanded the business to include the making of fishing tackle, an area in which he developed a strong reputation. According to the Royal Society of Chemistry he "could prescribe the particular fly to be used for successful troutfishing in any month, and for any stream in Devonshire."〔 It was in this capacity that he was asked, late in life, to consult on the fishing gear that was to be used by the ''Challenger'' expedition,〔 and in fact the expedition eventually set sail bearing trammels and trawls furnished by Hearder for use in collecting shore fish for scientific purposes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876 )〕 In 1845 Hearder was appointed consulting electrician and galvanist to the South Devon and East Cornwall Hospital.〔 In 1846, Hearder's mother died, aged 69, at the family house in Frankfort Street. Hearder reportedly had an excellent memory, and held a passion for matters connected with local antiquity and history. He was an active member of the Devonshire Association and the Royal Polytechnic Society.〔 In 1871 Hearder reportedly received the degrees of PhD and DSc although it is not known which institution issued the qualifications.〔 On 16 July 1876, at the age of 67, Hearder died of a sudden paralytic seizure while at 13 Princess Square, Plymouth.〔〔 He was buried at Ford Park, Plymouth.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jonathan Nash Hearder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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